Although I know you stated that this outlet is on the same circuit as other things... including some lights. Are you 100% positive tho'? Did you check to see if there were other breakers that may be tripped?
It has been more than 14 hours since the "incident" and I did a walkthrough of the house and all seems fine, except for the infamous dead receptacle. So, the problem seems to be isolated to that receptacle.
If you're sure it's on the same circuit as the working lights you know the breaker is not damaged (otherwise the lights would be out too). So the problem must lie elsewhere.
Yes, the ceiling lights and the other receptacle on that circuit are working fine. I doubt this particular receptacle would be on its own circuit. In fact, all the other breakers like fine.
If the wires at the outlet look okay, then there's damage somewhere back along the line.
Damage back along the line would be really unusual in my personal amateur electrician experience. I have changed a number of receptacles, ceiling light fixtures and wall light switches over the past 20 years and they always worked UNTIL NOW. Maybe, I'll go back to this box and clean the wires some more or cut of the last 1/2 inch.
Are any of you guys old enough to remember when you had to twist the incoming wires into a "U turn" around the screws on the receptacles? Now you can just push the black and white wires straight into a round slot.