Ok, I'm confused. When is treason treason and when is treason not treason?
!) Can a minor ever legally commit treason? Or, only adults?
Only adults. But children, under certain circumstances and in certain jurisdictions, can be charged as adults.
2) Is it treason when an adult Canadian leaves Canada to join ISIS to shoot at Canadian forces in Iraq?
Theoretically, yes. That doesn't mean they'll be necessarily charged with treason, but it's possible that they would be.
3) If Canada is ever attacked by Swobia, is it treason if a dual Swobian-Canadian leaves Canada to join the Swobia armed forces in its unwarranted war against Canada?
Again, theoretically yes. A lot would depend on the circumstances and the zealousness of the prosecutor. I don't know about Canada, but there's the theory that every American commits three felonies (not misdemeanors: FELONIES) a day, doing normal everyday things. Not because the US is a nation of lawbreakers, but because there are laws written on laws written on laws. If a prosecutor really wanted to nail you, they probably could. Obviously, treason is a big deal but that gives you an idea of what prosecutors and the legal system go through.
Not sure about Canada, but I know that in the States if you expose an unfettered and massive surveillance programme that targets American citizens that haven't been accused of any crimes, it is treason. But if you knowingly lead the country into war on false pretenses, it's all good.
You left out the part where the person in question deliberately sought out a job where as a condition of employment they took on the extra responsibility of not disclosing that information. That ups the ante in that situation. I respect the information disclosed by Snowden. He should also be prosecuted for doing so.
