Yes, Linux can see a Window NTFS file system. Win XP will also be able to read the file system.
Not sure what you're trying to do but you cannot boot into windows 8 with that drive on another machine without reinstalling windows. If you're only installing the drive as a second drive on a machine to access the files then you can do that. You will boot up the working machine with its OS and system drive then open the contents of the second drive you installed with Windows file explorer to access and backup your personal files. Windows will assign a drive letter to that drive other than C:. You may have to go into BIOS to save hardware changes when it detects a new drive but not for sure.