The situation amongst muslims is often much more complicated than that. Lets suppose you are a modern muslim, and feel that women should not were the veil. What can happen to you?
In short, much can happen to you. The extremists have good methods of going after outspoken moderates or progressives. They can effectively isolate you within the muslim community. They can brand you a non-believer. They can isolate you socially.
If you are really outspoken and get international press, you can look forward to a fatwa issued against you for blasphemy. Granted, nothing might happen to you here. However, if you are really outspoken, you probably travel, and now you can't travel to a bunch of different countries. These countries are probably the same countries that need to hear you speak.
Additionally, if you have family overseas, another complication exists. If you go to a country like Iran, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, you might be allowed in, and never allowed out again. I have had university students tell me point blank: "if I return home, I might not be allowed out again." Essentially, they can't go home. These students aren't reformist leaders. They are just plain ordinary apolitical students. The crime: western "ideas".
The veil is a complex issue. Is the right to wear a veil a religious freedom? or is the right to not wear a veil a religious freedom? Should we ban the veil because some people, often from other countries, use it as a tool for oppression? The human rights issue can be argued both ways.