WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF A HEART ATTACK?
Common Heart Attack Symptoms
Any unusual chest pain, angina, or other suspicious symptoms that do not clear up with medications is a signal to go to the hospital in people with known heart disease. (It should be noted, however, that only about 20% of heart attacks follow long-standing angina.) The sooner one is treated for a heart attack the better the outcome. ANYONE WHO BELIEVES THEY ARE HAVING A HEART ATTACK SHOULD NOT HESITATE TO CALL THE EMERGENCY MEDICAL SYSTEM.
Some signs to watch out for are as follows:
Pain experienced as a crushing weight against the chest, which is accompanied by profuse sweating. The pain may radiate to the left shoulder and arm, the neck or jaw, and even infrequently to the right arm. The arm may even be numb.
Chest pain, usually precipitated by exercise or stress, that does not clear up when medications are taken or when resting.
Mild chest pain with unexplained fatigue and ill health. Depression may be present. In patients with known heart disease, such symptoms have sometimes been reported within a month of a heart attack.
It should be noted, however, that degree of pain and the specific symptoms before a heart attack vary greatly among individuals.
Some people may feel severe pain; others might feel only a tingling sensation. Some people may only have a sense of fullness, squeezing, or pressure in the chest.)
A feeling of indigestion or heartburn is common, as are nausea and vomiting.
Some people report a great fear of impending death, a phenomena known as angor animi.
Atypical Symptoms in Specific Populations
About one-third of all heart attack patients do not have chest pain at all, putting them at much higher risk for a misdiagnosis. Women and the elderly are particularly more likely to have atypical symptoms (although they can certainly have classic heart attack symptoms as well.)
A 2000 study suggested that heart attacks might go undiagnosed in people over 65 who do not have a history of angina or heart failure. Any older person with unexplained weakness, a rapid heart beat, difficulty in breathing, or a sudden drop in blood pressure should be evaluated for a heart problem.
Symptoms of angina in women are also often not typical. Before a heart attack, women are more likely than men to be nauseous and experience pain high in the abdomen or chest. Their first symptom may be extreme fatigue after physical activity rather than chest pain. Chest pain in women is also more likely to be caused by non-heart problems than the same symptom in men. Because of these reasons, women are less likely than men to be tested aggressively for serious heart problems when they enter the emergency room.
Actions that the Patient Should Take at the Onset of Symptoms
Individuals who experience symptoms of a heart attack should take the following actions:
For angina patients, take one nitroglycerin dose either as an under-the-tongue tablet or in spray form at the onset of symptoms. Take another dose every five minutes up to three doses or when the pain is relieved, whichever comes first.
Call 911 or the local emergency number. This should be the first action taken if angina patients continue to experience chest pain after taking the full three doses of nitroglycerin. Anyone who has heart disease or risk factors for it and experiences heart attack symptoms should contact emergency services. It should be noted that only 20% of heart attacks occur in patients with long-standing angina.
The patient should chew an aspirin and be sure that emergency health providers are informed of this so an additional dose isn't given.
Chest pain sufferers should go immediately to the nearest emergency room, preferably traveling by ambulance. They should not drive themselves.