I have had clients with these issues especially after the 2008 crash and in Phoenix the huge decline in home prices, job losses, small business owners going under with lines of credit they owed or guranteed for their corporatoins etc.
I am assuming our U.S. situation is the same or similar as in Canada.
VISA or MC is not who you contact its the issuing bank that takes the loss if any and who you negotiate with. It is unlikely you will get any relief unless at least 90 days late.
Once behind on payments there is almost no hope of a consolidation loan or getting a new credit card with lower interest rates, and not everyone has rich relatives to help.
Debt consolidation is mostly a scam. So many reports that they collect their high fees first and little goes to the cc company. Usually this will not delay collection efforts. There are a few non-profit agencies that can help with basic budgeting skills etc.
I don't know in Canada, but in the U.S. after 180 days past due the bank that issued the card has to write it off as bad debt. That is simply an accounting entry, they can still go after you. The best time to get the best reduction or extended terms is closer to the 180 day mark so the bank doesn't have to take an accounting loss.
I know at one point BofAmerica was settling for 20% on some accounts. 50% settlements were also common.
Sometime after 180 days the bank will either sell the debt for pennies on the dollar or have their own lawyers who may file for a judgement which can be enforced by taking your car, bank accounts or anything else of value that can be found.
A collector can go after your until the Statue of Limitation (SOL) expires. The limitation period varies between provinces, though most have a period of two or six years. In B.C., Ontario, Newfoundland and Labrador, unsecured debt is extinguished after the limitation period ends, provided the consumer doesn't make a payment or acknowledge the debt in writing. In the U.S. six years is common.
The SOL usually does not expire if they get a judgment - in some states has to be renewed every 5 years or so, do not know the Canadian situation.
When you are deliquent you may be called every day or hour by the bank or collection company. This can be avoided by a phone account such as VOIP where you can send calls from specific numbers to an error or disconnected message before you phone rings.
Obviosly the key is not to get into this situation, but in the U.S. after the 2008 "deep recession" especially with the collapse of home values so many underwater, the 50%+ decline in stock markets and massive job losses this was a much more common issue in the U.S., than in Canada which wasn't hit as badly economically as the U.S.