From what was reported today it seems like an airline maintenance and training issue.
The flight crew the day before reported the problem, the maintenance crew certified that the aircraft was fit for flight (which it most certainly was not). The flight crew the day before knew to throw the switches shutting off the faulty system, the flight crew on the day of the crash never did so.
Faulty Angle of Attack sensor. Was signaling to the Auto Flight System that the aircraft was in a stall when it was not. So it was driving the horizontal stabilizer to trim down. Since the crew was counteracting by pulling back, it kept on trimming down, to the point of them losing control in a dive with the stab trim at 0. Boeing issued an emergency airworthiness directive, mandating inspection of the AOA sensors and on the pilot side, treating it as a runaway stabilizer, so in that event, moving the pitch trim cut-off switches to cut-off.
The 737 Max is the latest iteration of the 737-100 , who's airframe design is 50 years old. It's got a flight management system that is close to the 737 NG, but with the addition of big screens in the cockpit like the ones in the 787. Other than that, it's almost the same electro-mechanical and hydraulic sytems, with their manual switches on the overhead panel.
It is not an easy aircraft to fly manually, including on instruments, and doesn't have the protective systems of Airbus that prevent neophyte blunders, like rolling it upside down, of Alpha-Floor and Alpha Protect, that prevents Airbus from stalling. The latter, however, are a liability in themselves when the safety systems fail or are degraded, and the warnings become overwhelming to understand (AF447).
Up til now, pilots in North America have no problem with it, given their previous experience in military aviation or general aviation flying more basic airplanes. However, there is now a pilot shortage, and airlines are hiring from a diminishing pool of experienced pilots. Overseas, pilots are hired from the street, sent to the company academy, get their basic licenses, then given a course on a big jet. they sit in the right seat for a number of years before qualifying in the left seat, but do not have the breath of experience others who have faced poor facilities and poor equipment in shitty weather in far less capable aircraft. In this situation when things start going wrong, the 737 can become a handful to pilots who's most flying time has been with the autopilot on.