I am amazed that some people can be such zealous followers that they can readily excuse obvious cold fact admissions by the man who is in the most informed position to know. Steve Jobs stole the entire McIntosh concept from Xerox. I wonder if Xerox was similar assholes and took Apple to court how many billions they could get for patent infringement.
Do your research before you make a statement. Also, get your facts and spelling correct.
First, it is spelled `Macintosh`.
Now, for the PARC system that was just a laboratory concept that Apple brought to commercialisation with great R&D effort.
http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/05/16/110516fa_fact_gladwell
As far as patents are concerned;
"Some people[SUP]
[who?][/SUP] feel that Apple, Microsoft, and others plagiarized the
GUI and other innovations from the Xerox Star, and believe that Xerox didn`t properly protect its intellectual property. The truth is more complicated. Many patent disclosures were in fact submitted for the innovations in the Star; however, at the time the 1975 Xerox Consent Decree, an
FTC antitrust action, placed restrictions on what the company was able to
patent.[SUP]
[15][/SUP] In addition, when the Star disclosures were being prepared, the Xerox patent attorneys were busy with several other new technologies such as laser printing. Finally, patents on software, particularly those relating to user interfaces, were an untested legal area at that time.Xerox did go to trial to protect the Star user interface. In 1989, after
Apple sued Microsoft for copyright infringement of its Macintosh user interface in Windows, Xerox filed a similar
lawsuit against Apple; however, it was thrown out because a three year
statute of limitations had passed. (Apple eventually lost its lawsuit in 1994, losing all claims to the user interface).[SUP]
[16]"
[/SUP]
Also:
http://www-sul.stanford.edu/mac/parc.html
"Chronology
Previous Ties
But a number of Apple engineers were already familiar with PARC, its work, or
technologies like the mouse. Bill Atkinson had read about Smalltalk as an
undergraduate. Some had worked at PARC: Jef Raskin
spent time there during a
sabbatical year at Stanford, and had a number of friends who were researchers
there. Finally, there were even some Apple employees whose had learned about the
mouse while working for Douglas Engelbart at SRI in the
1960s and early 1970s, or Tymshare in the later 1970s.
Two Visits, Not One
Finally, as several authors have pointed out, there were actually two visits
by groups from Apple to Xerox PARC in 1979. Steve Jobs was on the second of the
two. Jef Raskin, who helped arranged both visits,
explained that he wanted Jobs to
visit PARC to understand work that was already going on at Apple. The Macintosh
project had escaped the chopping block several times, and Raskin had tried to
explain to Jobs the significance of the technologies it was incorporating. By
showing that other companies considered this kind of work exciting, Raskin hoped
to boost the value of the Macintosh`s work in Jobs` eyes. Unbeknownst to Raskin,
Jobs had his own reasons for visiting PARC: Xerox`s venture capital arm had
recently made an investment in Apple, and had agreed to show Apple what was
going on in its lab.
Macintosh and Lisa
Both the Macintosh and Lisa projects were underway before the 1979 visit.
Documents in
The Book of
Macintosh (a collection of essays, technical specs, and brainstorms
written by Jef Raskin on and others)
dating from the fall of 1979-- months
before the PARC visit-- show that the Macintosh was going to feature
user-friendly interfaces; a screen that could handle multiple fonts (that is,
bitmapped screens); graphics capabilities; and a graphical input device.
The Lisa was also moving toward a bitmapped screen, under pressure from
Raskin and Lisa`s graphics engineer, Bill Atkinson. Atkinson argued that "if
you`re going to do mixed text and graphics together, you have got to use a white
background," rather than a character generator screen. "The [hardware] engineers
screamed bloody murder," he later recalled, but eventually the Lisa adopted a
bitmapped screen. Jef Raskin likewise
urged Lisa project manager Ken
Rothmuller to use a bitmapped screen, and demonstrated the virtues of such a
system by showing off a Macintosh prototype.
Innovation v. Commercialization
Finally, the Promethean myth gives pride of place to the brilliant engineers
who do the initial work on a technology, and downplays the work of bringing it
to market. Whatever happens between the laboratory bench and the store shelf is
important the way parcel delivery or soybean farming is important: necessary,
but unglamorous and uninteresting. In fact, turning expensive, hard-to-use,
precision instruments into cheap, mass-producible, and reliable commercial
products requires its own ingenuity and creativity. This marketplace
intelligence is different from, but not inferior to, the intelligence of the
laboratory; it just gets far less attention by journalists and historians.
In the case of the relationship between the work at PARC and the development
of the Macintosh, this blindness leads us to underestimate the originality of
Apple`s own work, and the differences between the Alto and Macintosh. The story
of
the Apple mouse in particular shows how much work
was involved in moving a technology from the laboratory to the living room, and
how different the skills required for that work were from those used in pure
research."
Pure research vesrus applied research. Also, Xerox got paid through shares for the rights to use the PARC concept through a share offering.
"Apple was already one of the hottest tech firms in the country. Everyone in the Valley wanted a piece of it.
So Jobs proposed a deal: he would allow Xerox to buy a hundred thousand shares of his company for a million dollars—its highly anticipated I.P.O. was just a year away—if PARC would “open its kimono.” A lot of haggling ensued. Jobs was the fox, after all, and PARC was the henhouse. What would he be allowed to see? What wouldn’t he be allowed to see? Some at PARC thought that the whole idea was lunacy, but, in the end, Xerox went ahead with it. One PARC scientist recalls Jobs as “rambunctious”—a fresh-cheeked, caffeinated version of today’s austere digital emperor. He was given a couple of tours, and he ended up standing in front of a Xerox Alto, PARC’s prized personal computer.
Read more
http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/05/16/110516fa_fact_gladwell#ixzz24zpp96uc"