A name to remember: Paul Robeson.
Through sheer weight of talent he took on Jim Crow. Renowned singer and actor, he was the first black actor to play Shakespeare's Othello in both London and New York. One of the earliest civil rights activists, he founded the Harlem Resistance in the 1920's. He would eventually be blacklisted by the House UnAmerican Activities and his career would plummeted. He was exonerated by President Eisenhower but the assassination of Martin Luther King broke his heart. He spent his final years in seclusion.
Had he chosen a different path he could have been the first black athlete to break the colour barrier, he was heavily recruited by the young NFL. He chose entertainment over sports.