Trump’s stranglehold on Cuba is growing. Its collapse could affect the world
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onald Trump was able to claim a victory of sorts this week when the Cuban government announced that the country would soon run out of aviation fuel as a result of US sanctions.
The President’s crackdown on oil imports to the island marked the latest development in the decades-long hostility between
Cuba and the US, but one that seems to be having a profound and growing impact.
On Monday,
Air Canada became the first airline to cancel flights to Cuba, citing concerns over access to aviation fuel. It said that projections showed that “as of February 10 aviation fuel will not be commercially available at the island’s airports”.
Since the
US raid on Venezuela last month that captured president Nicolás Maduro, fuel exports to Cuba have been almost completely blocked.
Venezuela had been the country’s main source of foreign oil.
Other airlines have said they will add an extra stop to their journeys to refuel elsewhere in the Caribbean.
Tourism is one of Cuba’s main sources of revenue, bringing in billions of dollars. A reduction in flights will cause significant damage to the local economy.
The fuel shortage is
taking its toll throughout the country. President Miguel Díaz-Canel announced stringent energy-saving restrictions on Friday. He said that nurses would be moved to hospitals nearer their homes, state companies would shift to a four‑day week, and transport between provinces would be reduced.
The education sector will also be affected, with shorter school days for children and fewer in-person requirements for university students.
But even with these measures, experts predict Cuba could run out of fuel as early as March. Last Thursday, the United Nations warned of a potential humanitarian “collapse” there as a direct result of the blockade.
Cuba could run out of fuel next month (Photo: Adalberto Roque/AFP)
Pedro Mendes Loureiro, director at the Centre of Latin American Studies at the University of Cambridge, said the world can expect “a spiralling crisis of economic, social and humanitarian dimensions” in Cuba.
Eduardo Gamarra, a professor of politics and international relations at Florida University’s Cuban Research Institute, told
The i Paper that the country was heading for a “major Haiti-like humanitarian disaster”.
Some aid – mostly provided by Cuba’s ally China – is still entering the country, but it could be cut off if more hardline US politicians have their way.
Countries have been threatened with tariffs if they trade with Cuba. Its second-largest oil supplier,
Mexico, is in the middle of renegotiating its trade agreements with the US and Canada and is unlikely to want to push boundaries with the Trump administration.
The White House has said its tariff policies are a direct response to Cuba’s “support of hostile actors, terrorism, and regional instability”.
Some experts argue the current crisis represents the most significant opportunity for regime change in the communist republic for over six decades.
Protesters demonstrate against the United States’ intervention in Venezuela in London last month (Photo: Carl Court/Getty)
Gamarra said the stated US motivations towards Cuba echo those used to justify the raid on Venezuela last month, which affected regime change, but he said that “one key driver in the way the President thinks is revenge. That is a fundamental driving force in the way he runs the country”.
Trump will also likely want to show he acted decisively in an area that his predecessors failed to solve, but it could create major issues.
“The situation in Cuba is structurally very, very weak and it would take years to recover,” Gamarra said, adding that regime change would require significant economic investment over many years, money the US is unlikely to provide.
Venezuela’s economy has continued to suffer since Maduro’s capture and the US-enforced change in leadership. In the immediate aftermath
, Trump told reporters the US would run Venezuela and that the task would fall to
Secretary of State Marco Rubio, who
The Washington Post dubbed the “viceroy of Venezuela”.
“The US is essentially governing Venezuela,” said Gamarra.
Others are more sceptical about the dangers to the Cuban regime.
Simon Calder, who wrote the first independent travel guide to Cuba, said: “History shows that Cuba is better than any other nation at coping with extraordinary economic shocks – as was demonstrated during the 1990s after the collapse of the USSR.”
Sanctions may succeed in “shutting down the tourist industry”, he said, but “Cuba can just about survive on all the hard currency being sent back from the million-plus working-age citizens who have left the island for better prospects”.
Even so, Calder said that Trump has “gone further than any previous American president”.
Gamarra said that Cuba still has access to funds, the challenge is buying the goods it needs. “I’ve heard reports that they could have up to $18bn (£13bn) in reserves… These funds could be used to reinvest in Cuba and stabilise the country, they could be looted and spent abroad, or they could fund repression,” he said.
Cuba produces just 40 per cent of the oil it needs, meaning without a steady supply from abroad, industries and much else on the island could grind to a halt.
Trump may hope for this and that it brings Cubans out on to the streets, in the same way that recent
mass protests in Iran began as demonstrations over economic issues.
Díaz-Canel, who has been president since 2018, shows few signs of stepping down.
Karoline Leavitt, the White House spokesperson, said this week: “I think that the fact that the Cuban government is on its last leg and its country is about to collapse, they should be wise in their statements directed toward the President of the United States.”
It is unclear what statements she was referring to.
Leavitt added: “The President is always willing to engage in diplomacy, and I believe that is taking place, in fact, with the Cuban government.”
Looking ahead, Gamarra sees two options for Cuba: an “incredible humanitarian crisis” underscored by government repression, or negotiation with Trump.
“Cuba is so weak now that their best option is to negotiate co-governance” with the US, he said. “A peaceful transition is better than an invasion.”