Obviously a large number of Conservatives in Alberta don't have land lines.
Pollsters were calling cellphones as well as landlines.
But what's not obvious is WHY the polls were wrong.
Pollsters in Canada do not typically ask about "committed voters" - those who are certain that they will get out and vote. And often, they'll simply lop off the "undecided" as people who are unlikely to vote. But because of that, we don't know if, say, the Wildrose supporters were simply less likely to get out and cast their ballot than supporters of the Alberta PCs. Or, if they cast their ballot, but changed their mind at the last minute. Or if, as some have suggested, people planning to vote Liberal or NDP changed their vote to the Alberta PCs instead.
We don't know how the polls were weighted among the various regions in Alberta, or how voter behaviour reflected the polling methodologies.