Today is the 95th aniversary of the start of the Battle of Vimy Ridge, which was an entirely planned by and save for some of the artillery support entirely Canadian executed operation.
“The ground assault had been planned meticulously for months. Full-scale replicas of the Vimy terrain were built to rehearse unit commanders on what to expect both from the enemy and from Canadian units on either side. Canadian spotters had identified and mapped about 80 per cent of the German gun positions.
Five kilometres of tunnels were dug in order to move Canadian troops and ammunition up to the front without their being seen by German observers. And for a couple of weeks leading up to the battle, Canadian and British artillery pounded the Germans with 2,500 tons of ammunition per day.
At 5:30 in the morning on Easter Monday, April 9, 1917, the assault began with a huge artillery barrage . It was raining. It was freezing cold.
More than 1,100 cannon of various descriptions, from British heavy naval guns mounted on railway cars miles behind the battlefield, to field artillery pieces dragged into place by horses, mules or soldiers just behind the Canadian lines, fired continuously — in some cases until they exhausted their ammunition.
The giant naval cannons focused on the reinforced concrete bunkers protecting German heavy gun emplacements. The immense but inaccurate shells sent plumes of dirt, concrete and shrapnel skyward with every impact. The craters left behind were as large as houses.
The Canadian battle plan was simple: the withering barrage provided a screen for the Canadian troops to advance behind. Every three minutes, the 850 Canadian cannons would aim a little higher, advancing the row of shellfire forward by 90 metres. The attacking Canadian foot soldiers were expected to keep up, advancing, taking and occupying German positions, moving forward, never stopping, never racing ahead.
In four days, 3,600 Canadian soldiers died, another 5,000 were wounded. But the ridge was taken, much of it in the first day. Something that the one hundred and fifty thousand French and British soldiers who had died trying to take it over three years had been unable to do."