As for the Canadian system, the reason why a contentious bill would not make it to the floor is because it could cause the government to collapse. Look at what happened to Joe Clark in December 1979. He had a minority government and tried to pass a new gas tax. He figured that since they just had an election there was no chance the liberals would vote against it. They did. And three months later Pierre Trudeau became PM again...
I understand that Parliamentary process.
It's just very different from the U.S. Congress where our President's power and authority is not granted by a majority in Congress.
In fact, the President doesn't even to have his party in control of the Senate and House.
We know this isn't even that unusual.
PS- I'm not entirely sure that Fetterman campaigned the way you think. I didn't see his speeches or media campaign.
Pennsylvania is about as purple as you can get. I doubt Fetterman was campaigning aggressively as a progressive.
Now for sure, Mehmet Oz and PA Republicans tried to paint him that way.
As far as conservatives bemoaning Republicans who don't along party lines, it rarely bothers me. Typically in these instances, the Congressional member is voting based on the political sentiment of their state or district. What bothers me more is candidates who run as moderates to get elected then vote along party lines almost universally.