Sociology PhD student Laura Alysworth interviewed 25 street level sex workers. All of the women she talked to were working independently. Many said that the laws which target the purchasers of sexual services make their work more difficult and dangerous.
https://phys.org/news/2019-01-sex-workers-perspectives-laws-affect.html
https://phys.org/news/2019-01-sex-workers-perspectives-laws-affect.html